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General Knowledge · Chapter 3

Festivals of India

Major religious festivals, harvest and regional New Year celebrations, and the temple festivals that round out one of GK's broadest topics.

Concept video — watch on the AAI ATC Exam Prep channel
2–4questions per shift
6+major faiths
4Kumbh Mela sites
Live factsverified 2026
Objectives1. Major religious festivals2. Harvest and regional New Year festivals3. Temple and pilgrimage festivalsSummaryAssessmentFree PDF
Before you start

Learning objectives and outcomes

Objective 1Match each major religious festival to its faith and specific event.
Objective 2Know the harvest and regional New Year festivals by state.
Objective 3Correctly identify the Kumbh Mela's four sites and avoid the Puri mix-up.
Outcome AAnswer any festival-matching question, religious or regional, without hesitation.
Subtopic 1

Major religious festivals

India's major religious festivals span every faith practised in the country, and each is tied to a specific religious event or figure.

Festival to faith/event

Diwali — festival of lights (Hindu)  ·  Eid-ul-Fitr — end of Ramzan (Muslim)
Christmas — birth of Jesus Christ (Christian)  ·  Gurpurab — Guru Nanak's birth (Sikh)
Mahavir Jayanti — birth of the 24th Tirthankara (Jain)  ·  Khordad Sal — Zoroaster's birth (Parsi)

Each of India's major recognised religions has at least one festival that regularly appears in GK sections, usually tested as a simple "which festival marks what" pairing.

✈ AAI ATC relevance — matching a festival to its religion and specific event is the most common question format in this chapter
Memory trick — "One festival, one founder or event, per faith"

Anchor each festival to a single person or event: Diwali to Rama's return, Eid-ul-Fitr to the end of a fasting month, Christmas to a birth, Gurpurab to a Guru's birth, Mahavir Jayanti to a Tirthankara, Khordad Sal to a prophet.

Easy
Eid-ul-Fitr, celebrated by Muslims, marks the end of which holy month?
Eid-ul-Fitr is celebrated at the end of the holy month of Ramzan, following a month of fasting.
Moderate
Mahavir Jayanti celebrates the birth of Lord Mahavira, regarded as which Tirthankara of Jainism?
Lord Mahavira is regarded as the 24th and final Tirthankara of Jainism.
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Subtopic 2

Harvest and regional New Year festivals

Many of India's biggest festivals are tied to the harvest calendar and regional New Year celebrations, with different names in different states for what is often a similar underlying seasonal event.

Harvest and New Year festivals by state

Onam — Kerala  ·  Pongal — Tamil Nadu  ·  Bihu — Assam
Ugadi — Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana  ·  Baisakhi — Punjab  ·  Makar Sankranti — Pan-India

Baisakhi carries a second layer of significance beyond the harvest: it also marks the founding of the Khalsa Panth by Guru Gobind Singh in 1699.

Figure 2.1 — Harvest festivals mapped by state A map of India with each harvest/New Year festival plotted at its home state, with a small crop or sun icon next to each label. Upload image here
Memory trick — "Baisakhi does double duty"

Most harvest festivals mark only the season, but Baisakhi marks both the Punjab harvest and the founding of the Khalsa Panth — a detail that turns a simple state-pairing question into a two-part one.

Easy
Onam, a major harvest festival featuring snake boat races, is primarily celebrated in which state?
Onam is Kerala's major harvest festival, marked by snake boat races and the Pookalam flower carpet.
Hard
Baisakhi, marking the solar new year and harvest in Punjab, is also significant for which event in Sikh history?
Baisakhi also marks the formation of the Khalsa Panth by Guru Gobind Singh in 1699.
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Subtopic 3

Temple and pilgrimage festivals

A smaller set of festivals is tied to specific temples or major pilgrimage events rather than a whole state or religion at large.

Temple-linked festivals

Rath Yatra — Jagannath Temple, Puri, Odisha
Kumbh Mela — rotates among Haridwar, Prayagraj, Ujjain and Nashik

The Kumbh Mela's four rotating locations are a frequently tested detail; Puri, despite hosting the major Jagannath Temple and Rath Yatra, is not one of the four Kumbh Mela sites.

✈ AAI ATC relevance — confusing Puri with a Kumbh Mela site is one of the most common traps in this chapter
Memory trick — "Puri has its own festival, not the Kumbh"

Puri's claim to fame is the Rath Yatra at the Jagannath Temple. The Kumbh Mela belongs to a separate set of four river-bank cities entirely.

Moderate
The Kumbh Mela, one of the world's largest religious gatherings, rotates between four locations. Which of these is NOT one of them?
The Kumbh Mela rotates among Haridwar, Prayagraj, Ujjain and Nashik. Puri is not one of the four Kumbh Mela locations, despite being a major pilgrimage site.
Easy
Which festival, associated with the Jagannath Temple in Puri, Odisha, features a grand procession of chariots?
Rath Yatra, the chariot festival of Lord Jagannath, is held annually at Puri, Odisha.
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Exam strategy

Facts worth having automatic

One festival, one faithDiwali/Hindu, Eid/Muslim, Christmas/Christian, Gurpurab/Sikh, Mahavir Jayanti/Jain, Khordad Sal/Parsi.
Baisakhi does double dutyPunjab harvest AND the 1699 founding of the Khalsa Panth.
Kumbh Mela's four sitesHaridwar, Prayagraj, Ujjain, Nashik — Puri is NOT one of them.
Puri's own festivalRath Yatra, at the Jagannath Temple.
Regional New Year namesUgadi (Karnataka/Telugu states), Bihu (Assam), Pongal (Tamil Nadu).
Quick revision

Chapter summary sheet

DiwaliFestival of lights, Hindu.
Eid-ul-FitrMarks the end of Ramzan, Muslim.
GurpurabBirth of Guru Nanak Dev, Sikh.
Mahavir JayantiBirth of the 24th Tirthankara, Jain.
Khordad SalBirth of Zoroaster, Parsi.
OnamKerala's harvest festival.
PongalTamil Nadu's harvest festival.
BaisakhiPunjab harvest + founding of the Khalsa Panth, 1699.
Kumbh Mela sitesHaridwar, Prayagraj, Ujjain, Nashik.
Rath YatraJagannath Temple, Puri, Odisha.

↓ Free download — Festivals of India question PDF

All 6 questions with a full answer key.

End of chapter

Comprehensive assessment

Full solutions are in the downloadable PDF above.

Multiple choice questions

1. Diwali is popularly known as the festival of what?
2. Eid-ul-Fitr marks the end of which holy month?
3. Gurpurab commemorates the birth of which Sikh Guru?
4. Lord Mahavira is regarded as which Tirthankara of Jainism?
5. Khordad Sal is a major festival of which community?
6. Onam is the major harvest festival of which state?
7. Which event in Sikh history does Baisakhi also mark, besides the harvest?
8. Name the four locations the Kumbh Mela rotates between.
9. Which festival features a chariot procession at the Jagannath Temple in Puri?
10. Pongal is the major harvest festival of which state?
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