Resource hub › General Knowledge › Dances of India
💃8🎵2000
General Knowledge · Chapter 1

Dances of India

The eight classical dance forms, the figures who shaped them, and the folk traditions that round out one of GK's most reliably tested topics.

Concept video — watch on the AAI ATC Exam Prep channel
2–4questions per shift
8classical forms
2000Sattriya added
Live factsverified 2026
Objectives1. The eight classical dances2. Origins and founding figures3. Folk dances by stateSummaryAssessmentFree PDF
Before you start

Learning objectives and outcomes

Objective 1Name all eight classical dance forms and their state of origin without hesitation.
Objective 2Know the key founding figures: Bharata Muni, Sankaradeva, Uday Shankar, Rukmini Devi Arundale.
Objective 3Recognise the major folk dances and their states, especially the two UNESCO-listed ones.
Outcome AAnswer any "which state is this dance from" question, classical or folk, confidently.
Subtopic 1

The eight classical dances

The Sangeet Natak Akademi, India's national academy for music, dance and drama, officially recognises eight classical dance forms, each tied to a specific state or region.

The eight forms and their states

Bharatanatyam (Tamil Nadu) · Kathak (Uttar Pradesh) · Kathakali (Kerala) · Kuchipudi (Andhra Pradesh)
Manipuri (Manipur) · Odissi (Odisha) · Sattriya (Assam) · Mohiniyattam (Kerala)

Kerala is the only state with two recognised classical forms of its own, Kathakali and Mohiniyattam, while every other state on the list contributes exactly one.

Figure 1.1 — Map of India with the eight classical dance states marked An outline map of India with each of the eight states or regions labelled with its classical dance form's name and a small dancer icon. Upload image here
✈ AAI ATC relevance — the state-dance pairing is the single most repeated fact in this whole chapter
Memory trick — "Kerala doubles up"

Remembering that Kerala alone contributes two forms (Kathakali and Mohiniyattam) immediately narrows the remaining six forms to six different states, one each.

Easy
How many classical dance forms are officially recognised by the Sangeet Natak Akademi?
Eight classical dance forms are recognised: Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Kathakali, Kuchipudi, Manipuri, Odissi, Sattriya and Mohiniyattam.
Moderate
Which state is home to two of the eight recognised classical dance forms?
Kerala is home to both Kathakali and Mohiniyattam, the only state to contribute two forms.
Advertisement
Subtopic 2

Origins and founding figures

A handful of names come up repeatedly across Indian dance history — the sage credited with the foundational text, and the modern figures who revived or formally added dance forms to the recognised list.

Names worth knowing cold

Natya Shastra — foundational Sanskrit text, attributed to sage Bharata Muni
Sattriya — created by Srimanta Sankaradeva, added to the list in 2000
Uday Shankar — "Father of Modern Dance in India"
Rukmini Devi Arundale — founded Kalakshetra, revived Bharatanatyam

Sattriya stands out as the most recently added of the eight, over a century after most of the others had already been performed in their classical form.

Memory trick — "Sankaradeva built Sattriya inside monasteries"

Sattriya literally developed inside sattras, the Vaishnavite monasteries of Assam that Srimanta Sankaradeva founded — the name of the dance form and the name of the institution it grew up in are the same root word.

Moderate
Sattriya is traditionally credited to which Vaishnavite saint of Assam?
Sattriya is credited to Srimanta Sankaradeva, who created it as part of his Ankiya Naat theatrical tradition.
Hard
Who is commonly referred to as the "Father of Modern Dance in India"?
Uday Shankar is widely regarded as the Father of Modern Dance in India, known for blending European theatrical techniques with Indian classical and folk forms.
Advertisement
Subtopic 3 · highest yield

Folk dances by state

Beyond the eight classical forms, India's folk dance traditions are just as heavily tested, usually as simple state-pairing questions.

Common folk dance-state pairings

Bhangra & Giddha — Punjab  ·  Garba & Dandiya Raas — Gujarat
Kalbelia — Rajasthan (UNESCO-listed)  ·  Yakshagana — Karnataka
Chhau — Odisha, Jharkhand & West Bengal (UNESCO-listed)  ·  Lavani — Maharashtra

Two of these, Kalbelia and Chhau, are specifically inscribed on UNESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity — a detail worth remembering separately, since it is sometimes asked directly.

Figure 1.2 — Folk dances plotted on a map of India An outline map with folk dance names plotted at their state of origin, each with a small icon (a dhol drum for Bhangra, a snake for Kalbelia, a mask for Chhau). Upload image here
✈ AAI ATC relevance — folk dance-state pairings, especially the two UNESCO-listed ones, are asked almost every attempt
Memory trick — "Chhau spans three states, not one"

Unlike every other folk dance on this list, Chhau is not tied to a single state — it has three regional styles: Mayurbhanj (Odisha), Seraikella (Jharkhand) and Purulia (West Bengal).

Easy
Bhangra and Giddha, two of India's most widely recognised folk dances, are traditionally from which state?
Bhangra and Giddha are both traditional folk dances of Punjab.
Moderate
Which dance, performed by a Rajasthani tribal community and inscribed on UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage list, is also known as the Sapera or Snake Charmer dance?
Kalbelia is also known as the Sapera or Snake Charmer dance, performed by the Kalbelia community of Rajasthan.
Advertisement
Exam strategy

Facts worth having automatic

Eight forms, eight statesExcept Kerala, which contributes two (Kathakali, Mohiniyattam).
Sattriya is the youngestAdded to the recognised list in 2000, credited to Srimanta Sankaradeva.
Two names to know coldUday Shankar (modern dance) and Rukmini Devi Arundale (Kalakshetra, Bharatanatyam revival).
Two UNESCO-listed folk dancesKalbelia (Rajasthan) and Chhau (Odisha/Jharkhand/West Bengal).
Chhau spans three statesMayurbhanj, Seraikella and Purulia styles, not just one region.
Quick revision

Chapter summary sheet

Recognising bodySangeet Natak Akademi — eight classical dance forms.
The eight formsBharatanatyam, Kathak, Kathakali, Kuchipudi, Manipuri, Odissi, Sattriya, Mohiniyattam.
Foundational textNatya Shastra, attributed to sage Bharata Muni.
Most recent additionSattriya, added in 2000, credited to Srimanta Sankaradeva.
Father of Modern DanceUday Shankar.
Kalakshetra founderRukmini Devi Arundale, revived Bharatanatyam.
UNESCO-listed folk dancesKalbelia (Rajasthan) and Chhau (Odisha/Jharkhand/West Bengal).
Key folk-state pairsBhangra/Giddha (Punjab), Garba/Dandiya (Gujarat), Yakshagana (Karnataka), Lavani (Maharashtra).

↓ Free download — Dances of India question PDF

All 6 questions with a full answer key.

End of chapter

Comprehensive assessment

Full solutions are in the downloadable PDF above.

Multiple choice questions

1. How many classical dance forms are officially recognised by the Sangeet Natak Akademi?
2. Name the state of origin for each of the eight classical dance forms.
3. Which classical dance form was most recently added to the recognised list, and in which year?
4. Who is traditionally credited with creating Sattriya?
5. Who is regarded as the "Father of Modern Dance in India"?
6. Which institution did Rukmini Devi Arundale found, and which dance form is it associated with?
7. Name the foundational Sanskrit text underlying Indian classical dance, and its traditional author.
8. Which two Indian folk dances are inscribed on UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage list?
9. Bhangra and Giddha are folk dances of which state?
10. Name the three regional styles of the Chhau dance and their states.
Advertisement

Dances of India — one more topic locked in.

Live classes cover every reasoning, aptitude, English, GK and aviation knowledge topic straight from the real question papers.